Which type of disciplinary action involves formal education or retraining?

The type of disciplinary action that involves formal education or retraining is correctly identified as training. This action is intended to address deficiencies in a professional's skills or knowledge, ensuring that they are up-to-date with current practices, standards, and protocols in their field. Training can include attending workshops, taking courses, or engaging in other educational opportunities that are designed to enhance the competency of the individual.

In contrast, paying a penalty generally involves a financial consequence without the requirement for further education or skills development. Ceasing practice means that a professional is temporarily or permanently removed from their duties and does not necessarily provide an opportunity for learning or improvement. A public reprimand serves to formally criticize the individual’s actions but also does not incorporate a mechanism for retraining or education. Thus, training stands out as the appropriate answer because it directly ties to enhancing professional competency through structured learning.